The effects of resisted sprint training on sprint performance in field-based invasion team sport athletes: a systematic review & meta-analysis

Abstract

Speed is an essential performance attribute for field-based invasion team sport (FITS) players. Traditional training methods used to enhance sprint performance (SP) such as resistance training, typically aim to improve one’s ability to produce force and power [1, 2] or technical efficiency [3]. However, resistance training exercises (e.g. back squat, deadlift) may lack the movement specificity to optimally enhance SP. The principle of specificity states that the training effect which occurs in response to an exercise overload is specific to the way in which the load was applied [4]. Hence, training methods which adopt comparable mechanical properties to the performance movement (i.e. sprinting) may elicit a greater transfer effect. The resisted sprint training (RST) method applies external resistance to the sprinting movement, allowing maintenance of sprint specific mechanical properties. Consequently, RST methods utilised by coaches may represent a more specific and, in turn, a more effective method for enhancing SP than traditional training methods. Therefore, the aim of this review was to investigate the effectiveness of RST methods on improving SP of FITS players.