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dc.contributor.authorWan-Mohtar, Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad
dc.contributor.authorIlham, Zul
dc.contributor.authorRowan, Neil J.
dc.date.accessioned2021-02-08T15:31:28Z
dc.date.available2021-02-08T15:31:28Z
dc.date.copyright2021
dc.date.issued2021-02-07
dc.identifier.citationWan-Mhotar, W.A.A.Q.I., Ilham, Z., Jamaludin, A.A., Rowan, N. (2021) Use of Zebrafish embryo assay to evaluate toxicity and safety of bioreactor-grown exopolysaccharides and endopolysaccharides from European Ganoderma applanatum mycelium for future aquaculture applications. International Journal Molecular Sciences. 22, 1675. doi.org/10.3390/ ijms22041675en_US
dc.identifier.issn1422-0067
dc.identifier.issn1661-6596
dc.identifier.urihttp://research.thea.ie/handle/20.500.12065/3530
dc.description.abstractNatural mycelial exopolysaccharide (EPS) and endopolysaccharide (ENS) extracted from bioreactor-cultivated European Ganoderma applanatum mushrooms are of potential high commercial value for both food and adjacent biopharmaceutical industries. In order to evaluate their potential toxicity for aquaculture application, both EPS (0.01–10 mg/mL) and ENS (0.01–10 mg/mL) extracts were tested for Zebrafish Embryo Toxicity (ZFET); early development effects on Zebrafish Embryos (ZE) were also analyzed between 24 and 120 h post-fertilization (HPF). Both EPS and ENS are considered non-toxic with LC50 of 1.41 mg/mL and 0.87 mg/mL respectively. Both EPS and ENS did not delay hatching and teratogenic defect towards ZE with <1.0 mg/mL, respectively. No significant changes in the ZE heart rate were detected following treatment with the two compounds tested (EPS: 0.01–10 mg/mL: 176.44 0.77 beats/min and ENS: 0.01–10 mg/mL: 148.44 17.75 beats/min) compared to normal ZE (120–180 beats/min). These initial findings support future pre-clinical trials in adult fish models with view to safely using EPS and ENS as potential feed supplements for supplements for development of the aquaculture industry.en_US
dc.formatPDFen_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.relation.ispartofInternational Journal of Molecular Scienceen_US
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/*
dc.subjectGanoderma applanatumen_US
dc.subjectExpolysaccharideen_US
dc.subjectEndopolysaccharideen_US
dc.subjectZebrafishen_US
dc.subjectToxicologyen_US
dc.titleUse of Zebrafish embryo assay to evaluate toxicity and safety of bioreactor-grown exopolysaccharides and endopolysaccharides from European Ganoderma applanatum mycelium for future aquaculture applicationsen_US
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationAthlone Institute of Technologyen_US
dc.contributor.sponsorUniversiti Malaya under the Research University Grant- Faculty Program GPF084A-2020 and MOHE- Top 100 (IIRG)-IISS: IIRG003A-2020IISS awarded toWan-Mohtar. The work was also funded by H2020 MSCA RISE ICHTHYS project [number 872217/19] awarded to Neil Rowanen_US
dc.description.peerreviewyesen_US
dc.identifier.doidoi.org/10.3390/ ijms22041675en_US
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1228-3733en_US
dc.identifier.volume22en_US
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subject.departmentBioscience Research Institute AITen_US
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionen_US


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