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dc.contributor.authorChen, Yuanyuan
dc.contributor.authorNeff, Martin
dc.contributor.authorMcEvoy, Brian
dc.contributor.authorCao, Zhi
dc.contributor.authorPezzoli, Romina
dc.contributor.authorMurphy, Alan
dc.contributor.authorGately, Noel
dc.contributor.authorHopkins Jnr, Michael
dc.contributor.authorRowan, Neil J.
dc.contributor.authorDevine, Declan M.
dc.date.accessioned2020-03-11T16:16:24Z
dc.date.available2020-03-11T16:16:24Z
dc.date.copyright2019
dc.date.issued2019-11-21
dc.identifier.citationChen, Y., Martin, N., McEvoy, B., Cao, Z., Pezzoli, Romina, Murphy, A., Gately, N., Hopkins Jnr., Rowan, N.J., Devine, D. M. (2019). 3D printed polymers are less stable than injection moulded counterparts when exposed to terminal sterilization processes using novel vaporized hydrogen peroxide and electron beam processes. Polymer. 183, 21 November, 121870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121870en_US
dc.identifier.issn0032-3861
dc.identifier.otherArticles - Materials Research Instituteen_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://research.thea.ie/handle/20.500.12065/3048
dc.description.abstractThere is an increasing trend for use of 3D printing processes in healthcare due in part to emergence of customised medical devices and associated low manufacturing cost. However, there is a dearth of knowledge on the efficacy of terminal sterilization processes on such 3D printing processes compared to conventional manufacturing methods, such as injection moulding. Therefore, the goal of this timely work was to compare the mechanical, thermal and chemical effects of vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) and electron beam (E-beam) sterilization processes on the 3D printed and injection moulded high density polyethylene (HDPE) and Polyamide 6 samples. Characterization of materials post sterilization was performed by several analytical methods. Studies found that injection moulded samples exhibited higher tensile strength, higher degree of crystallinity, lower ductility, and higher thermal stability than 3D printed samples due to their tightly packed structures. After VHP and E-beam sterilization processes, oxidation and crosslinking occurred along with yellow colour change. Free hydroxyl radicals and intermolecular carbon bonding were detected by FTIR; the viscosity, storage modulus and loss modulus were increased due to crosslinking; the wettability of all the samples were increased due to the free radicals on the surface. However, the tensile properties of all samples measured were not affected by the VHP or E-beam processes, which was attributed to the low irradiation dosage of E-beam and good resistance to hydrolytic degradation from VHP. Overall, E-beam process resulted in more severe oxidation and crosslinking than VHP process, and sterilized 3D printed samples were less stable compared to injection moulded samples when exposed to terminal sterilization processes, which was evidenced with more new peaks related to oxidation and crosslinking detected by FTIR and the dramatic increase in the degree of crystallinity. These findings highlight the importance of considering choice of industrial terminal sterilisation with view to future reduction of processing conditions for emerging additive manufacturing processes, such as in situ 3D printing that is often underappreciated.en_US
dc.formatPDFen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.relation.ispartofPolymeren_US
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Ireland*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ie/*
dc.subjectSterilisationen_US
dc.subjectVHPen_US
dc.subjectE-beamen_US
dc.subject3D printingen_US
dc.subjectInjection mouldeden_US
dc.subjectHigh density polyethyleneen_US
dc.subjectPolyamide 6en_US
dc.title3D printed polymers are less stable than injection moulded counterparts when exposed to terminal sterilization processes using novel vaporized hydrogen peroxide and electron beam processes.en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.description.peerreviewyesen_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121870
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8706-766X
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6638-8920
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7701-8730
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2610-2975
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1228-3733
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1364-5583
dc.rights.accessOpen Accessen_US
dc.subject.departmentMaterials Research Institute - AITen_US


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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Ireland
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Ireland